Frostex Heat Tape: Freeze Protection for Pipes

Frostex heat tape represents a critical solution for freeze protection in various plumbing applications. Self-regulating heat trace cables, like Frostex, are engineered to deliver heat efficiently, preventing water pipes from freezing in cold weather. These heating cables are often used with pipe insulation to maximize energy efficiency and maintain optimal temperatures. The application of Frostex heat tape ensures the continuous flow of water, preventing costly damage from burst pipes during winter months.

Alright, let’s dive into the world of heat tape – or heating cable, as some folks call it. Think of it as your trusty, electric guardian against the wrath of Old Man Winter. What’s its gig? Simple: It keeps things warm and toasty, preventing freezes and maintaining the right temperature. It’s like a heated blanket, but for your pipes (or other stuff that hates being cold!).

So, why should you even care? Well, imagine waking up one morning to find your pipes have burst, turning your home into an indoor swimming pool (not the fun kind). Or picture a commercial or industrial operation grinding to a halt because essential systems froze solid. Yikes! That’s where heat tape swoops in to save the day, preventing all sorts of costly catastrophes. We are talking about economic benefits.

We are looking at a preventative measure here, you could say, investing in heat tape saves you from future headaches and hefty repair bills. Its core purpose revolves around two main things: temperature maintenance and freeze protection. Think of those cold winter nights when the temperature drops below freezing. Heat tape steps up as your first line of defense against frozen pipes, whether you’re dealing with water, sewer, or any other type of pipe that’s vulnerable to the cold, preventing them from becoming ice-filled nightmares.

And don’t think this is just for homeowners. Heat tape is a versatile player, finding its place in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. From keeping water flowing in homes to ensuring critical processes run smoothly in factories, it’s a true jack-of-all-trades.

In a nutshell, heat tape is all about keeping the cold at bay, ensuring smooth operations, and saving you money in the long run.

Contents

Diving into the World of Heat Tape: Finding Your Perfect Match!

Okay, so you’re ready to ditch the frozen pipe anxiety and embrace the warm embrace of heat tape? Smart move! But hold your horses; before you run off and grab the first thing you see, let’s talk about the different flavors of heat tape out there. Choosing the right one is like finding the perfect pair of socks – it makes all the difference!

Self-Regulating Heat Tape: The Smart Cookie

Think of self-regulating heat tape as the Einstein of the heat tape world. This stuff is seriously clever! It’s designed with a special semiconductive core that automatically adjusts its heat output based on the surrounding temperature. So, when it’s super cold, it cranks up the heat; when things warm up a bit, it eases off the gas.

The Perks of Being Smart:

Energy Efficiency: It only uses the power it needs, saving you money on your electricity bill. Who doesn’t love saving a few bucks?
Safety First: Because it self-adjusts, the risk of overheating is seriously reduced. That means less worry about fire hazards.
No Overheating Worries: Did we mention no overheating? You can even overlap this type of tape in certain situations (always check the manufacturer’s specs, though!).

The Old School Crew: Constant Wattage Heat Tape

Now, let’s talk about constant wattage heat tape. This is like the reliable, old pickup truck of heat tape. It does one thing, and it does it consistently: provides a constant amount of heat, regardless of the ambient temperature.

Why Choose Constant Wattage?

Steady Heat: Need a consistent heat output for a specific application? This is your go-to.
Cost-Effective (Initially): It’s often cheaper to buy upfront than self-regulating tape. But remember, long-term energy costs might be higher.

Keep in Mind:

Potential for Overheating: Because it doesn’t self-regulate, it can overheat if not installed correctly or if conditions change.
More Monitoring Required: You might need a thermostat to control it and prevent issues.

Mineral-Insulated Cables: The Industrial Titans

These bad boys are the heavy-duty champions of the heat tape world. Mineral-insulated (MI) cables are designed for high-temperature applications and harsh environments. We’re talking industrial settings, folks.

Key Features:

High-Temperature Resistance: Can handle extreme heat that would melt other types of tape.
Durability: Built to withstand tough conditions and physical abuse.

Not Your Average Joe:

Specialized Use: Not typically used for residential applications.
Professional Installation: Requires expertise and specialized tools.

The Heat Tape Showdown: Making the Right Call

So, which type should you choose? Here’s a quick guide:

For most residential pipe freeze protection: Self-regulating heat tape is your best bet. It’s safe, efficient, and easy to install.
For specific applications requiring constant heat: Constant wattage heat tape might be suitable, but proceed with caution and use a thermostat.
For industrial applications or extreme temperatures: Mineral-insulated cables are the way to go, but leave the installation to the pros.

Choosing the right heat tape is all about understanding your needs and weighing the pros and cons of each type. Do your research, read the product specifications, and don’t be afraid to ask for help from a qualified professional. With the right heat tape, you can say goodbye to frozen pipes and hello to peace of mind!

How Heat Tape Works: The Science Behind the Warmth

Ever wondered how that unassuming strip of heat tape manages to keep your pipes from turning into ice pops during the dead of winter? Well, it’s not magic – it’s science! At its heart, heat tape is all about converting electricity into good old-fashioned warmth. Let’s break down the nitty-gritty:

The Magic of Electrical Resistance

Imagine electrons as tiny little energetic particles trying to make their way through a crowded dance floor. That dance floor is the heat tape’s conductive material, and the crowd is the resistance. As those electrons jostle their way through, they bump into things, creating friction. This friction is where the magic happens: the electrical energy gets transformed into heat.

Think of it like rubbing your hands together really fast on a cold day. The faster you rub (more current), and the rougher your hands (more resistance), the more heat you generate. The heat tape works on the same principle, converting electrical energy into heat through electrical resistance. A higher the resistance, the more heat will be generated.

The relationship between resistance, current, and heat generation is a fundamental principle in physics. Heat tapes use resistance to convert electrical energy into heat for various applications, such as preventing pipes from freezing.

Wattage Output: The Power Behind the Warmth

Wattage is the measure of electrical power, and in heat tape, it tells you how much heat the tape can produce. Think of it as the volume knob on your heater – the higher the wattage, the more heat it cranks out.

Choosing the correct wattage is crucial. If you choose a heat tape with too low a wattage for your needs, it won’s be able to overcome the cold and do its job. And a heat tape with too high a wattage is a waste of money in terms of energy consumption. When estimating wattage needs for your heat tape, you need to consider three things: the pipe material, its diameter, and the climate.

Pipe Material: Metal pipes (like copper) conduct heat away faster than plastic pipes (like PVC). So, metal pipes generally need a higher wattage heat tape.
Pipe Diameter: A wider pipe has more surface area exposed to the cold, requiring more heat to keep it warm.
Climate: If you live in a region where winters are milder, a low wattage should be appropriate to prevent frozen pipes, but if you live in a region that experiences sub-zero temperatures for extended periods, a higher wattage will be required.

So, how do you avoid under or over-estimating your wattage needs? Check out manufacturers’ guidelines for the heat tape you choose. Many provide charts that recommend specific wattages based on pipe material, diameter, and minimum temperatures. Consulting with a plumbing professional can also help you make the right choice.

Key Components and Materials: A Closer Look

Alright, let’s dive under the hood of heat tape! It’s not just a simple strip you wrap around your pipes; it’s a carefully engineered piece of equipment. Understanding what makes up heat tape will help you appreciate how it keeps your pipes from turning into ice pops in winter.

Outer Jacket/Sheathing: The Bodyguard

Think of the outer jacket as the heat tape’s personal bodyguard. Its main job is to shield all the delicate bits inside from the harsh realities of the outside world. We’re talking about defending against moisture, those relentless UV rays that can break down materials over time, and any accidental bumps or scrapes that might happen along the way.

The most common material you’ll find for these jackets? Thermoplastic elastomers. Sounds fancy, right? Basically, they’re durable, flexible plastics that can handle the elements like a champ.

Bus Wires: The Electrical Highway

Next up are the bus wires. These guys are like the electrical highway system within the tape. Their sole mission is to conduct electricity along the entire length of the heat tape. Without them, the electricity would have nowhere to go, and your pipes would remain stubbornly cold.

Typically, you’ll find these wires made of copper, because copper is an excellent conductor of electricity. It’s like the express lane for electrons, ensuring a smooth and efficient flow.

Ground Braid: The Safety Net

Now, let’s talk about the ground braid. This is where things get serious because this component is all about safety! Think of the ground braid as an electrical safety net. It’s designed to protect you and your property by providing a safe path for any stray electrical currents in case of a fault.

If something goes wrong and there’s a short circuit, the ground braid will whisk that errant electricity away, preventing you from becoming part of the circuit—which is something you definitely want to avoid! This is your shield against electrical shock hazards.

Power Cord: The Lifeline

The power cord is the lifeline of your heat tape. It’s what connects the whole system to the electrical grid, delivering the juice that keeps everything running smoothly.

It’s absolutely crucial to use a properly rated power cord that can handle the electrical load of the heat tape. Connecting the cord safely to a power source is also key – no exposed wires or dodgy connections allowed!

End Seal Kit: The Moisture Barrier

Moisture and electricity are like oil and water – they don’t mix well. That’s where the end seal kit comes in. Its job is to create a watertight barrier at the end of the heat tape, preventing moisture from sneaking in and causing chaos.

If water gets into the heat tape, it can lead to short circuits, corrosion, and all sorts of electrical mayhem. Installing the end seal kit correctly is essential for preventing these issues and ensuring the longevity of your heat tape.

Insulation: The Cozy Blanket

Once the electricity is flowing and the heat tape is doing its thing, you want to make sure that heat stays where it’s needed – on the pipe! That’s where insulation comes in. It acts like a cozy blanket, minimizing heat loss and maximizing efficiency.

There are several types of insulation materials you can use, such as foam and fiberglass. Foam is lightweight and easy to install, while fiberglass provides excellent thermal resistance.

Pipe Insulation: Extra Warmth!

And for the grand finale, we have pipe insulation. While the heat tape itself generates the heat, adding a layer of pipe insulation on top is like putting an extra blanket on your bed in the winter.

It helps to trap the heat and keep it focused on the pipe, further enhancing efficiency and reducing energy waste. It’s the perfect complement to heat tape, ensuring your pipes stay toasty warm even in the coldest conditions.

Where Can You Slap on Some Heat Tape? Let’s Explore!

Alright, so you’re sold on heat tape, huh? Smart move! Now you’re probably wondering, “Okay, great, but where exactly can I use this magical stuff?” Well, buckle up, because heat tape is more versatile than a Swiss Army knife at a camping convention. Let’s dive into the most common (and crucial) applications, from keeping your water flowing to saving your roof from icy doom.

Protecting Your Plumbing: Water Pipes

Water pipes are like the Goldilocks of your house – they need to be just right. Too hot, and you’re scalded. Too cold, and BOOM – frozen and burst! We don’t want that expensive mess, right?

In cold climates, heat tape is a lifesaver (literally, it can save you from a flooded house!). It gently warms the pipes, preventing them from freezing solid. The right type and wattage are crucial here. Thin pipes in a mildly cold area? You won’t need the heat equivalent of the sun. A little self-regulating tape should do the trick. But for thicker pipes in crazy cold climates? You’ll need something with more oomph!

Keeping Things Moving: Sewer Pipes

Let’s be real, nobody wants to talk about sewer pipes, but ignoring them can lead to a smelly and unpleasant disaster. Just like water pipes, sewer pipes can freeze, and when they do, you end up with blockages nobody wants to deal with.

Heat tape helps maintain flow and prevent those nasty backups. Now, using heat tape on sewer pipes comes with its own set of challenges, like making sure it’s protected from the elements and any less-than-pleasant substances. You’ll need to choose a heat tape that’s durable and can handle the environment it’s in.

Battling Ice Dams: Roofs and Gutters

Ice dams are like sneaky ninjas, creeping onto your roof and causing havoc. They form when melting snow re-freezes at the edge of your roof, creating a dam that traps water. This trapped water can seep under your shingles, leading to leaks and costly damage inside your home.

Heat tape to the rescue! By installing heat tape along the eaves and in your gutters, you can create a channel for the melting snow to escape, preventing ice dams from forming. Proper installation is key here – you want to make sure the tape is securely attached and follows a zigzag pattern for optimal melting power.

Guarding the Guardians: Valve Freeze Protection

Last but not least, let’s talk about valves. These unsung heroes of your plumbing system control the flow of liquids and gases. When they freeze, they can malfunction or even break, leading to all sorts of problems, especially in industrial and commercial settings.

Heat tape offers targeted freeze protection for these sensitive components. Wrapping valves with heat tape ensures they stay operational, even when temperatures plummet. This is especially important for valves that control essential systems, like fire suppression or critical industrial processes.

Installation Guidelines: Step-by-Step Instructions

Okay, so you’ve got your heat tape, you’re ready to roll, and you’re probably thinking, “Alright, let’s slap this thing on and call it a day!” Hold your horses, partner! Installing heat tape isn’t rocket science, but a little attention to detail can save you from future headaches and cold showers (literally!). Let’s dive into the nitty-gritty to get this done right!

Grounded Outlets: Your Electrical Safety Net

First things first: grounded outlets are your absolute best friend here. Imagine plugging in your heat tape and ZAP! Not fun, right? Grounded outlets prevent this by providing a safe path for stray electrical currents. Think of them as the superhero cape for your electrical system.

And while we’re on the topic, let’s talk GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) protection. These little gems monitor the flow of electricity and can trip the circuit in milliseconds if they detect a fault. It’s like having a bodyguard for your heat tape. Seriously, don’t skip this – it could save your life!

Spiral Wrapping: The Art of Even Heat Distribution

Now, onto the fun part: wrapping! Spiral wrapping is the go-to method for most pipe applications. Why? Because it spreads the heat evenly along the pipe, preventing cold spots.

Think of it like evenly toasting a marshmallow over a campfire – you wouldn’t just hold it in one spot, right? You’d rotate it for that perfect golden-brown goodness. Same principle here!

To spiral wrap:

Start at one end of the pipe.
Wrap the heat tape around the pipe, spacing each turn a few inches apart.
Secure the tape with mounting tape every foot or so.

Visual aids are your friends here. Check online for diagrams or videos to get a clear picture of the process. Trust me, it’s easier than wrapping a burrito (and less messy!).

Straight Run Installation: When Less is More

Sometimes, a straight run installation is all you need. This is perfect for straight sections of pipe where you don’t need the extra coverage of spiral wrapping. Just lay the heat tape along the pipe and secure it. Easy peasy!

Overlap: To Overlap, or Not to Overlap? That is the Question.

This is where things get a little tricky. Overlapping heat tape can lead to overheating and potentially a fire hazard, especially with constant wattage tapes.

Self-regulating heat tape is generally more forgiving but always check the manufacturer’s instructions. Some allow minimal overlap, while others strictly forbid it. When in doubt, don’t overlap!

Safety Precautions: Your Golden Rules

Alright, safety nerds, listen up! These precautions are non-negotiable:

Turn off the power: Flip that breaker switch before you even think about touching the wires. Seriously, it’s like the number one rule of electricity.
Use a non-contact voltage tester: Double-check that the power is off. It’s better to be safe than sorry (and crispy).
Wear safety gear: Gloves and eye protection can save you from minor shocks and debris. Plus, you’ll look like a pro.

Remember, a little planning and precaution can save you a lot of trouble (and potential electrocution). Stay safe, and happy heating!

Safety and Standards: Keeping the Warmth Safe and Sound!

Alright folks, let’s talk about keeping things safe while we’re keeping them warm. Heat tape can be a lifesaver (or should we say, a pipe-saver?), but like any electrical appliance, it’s got some rules we need to follow to avoid any unwanted sparks or chills. We’re diving into the safety standards and certifications that ensure your heat tape is a reliable and hazard-free solution. Let’s ensure you keep the warmth where you need it without any risk of turning your cozy project into a shocking experience!

Electrical Safety: When in Doubt, Call the Pros!

First and foremost, let’s talk electrical safety. Listen, we all love a good DIY project, but messing with electricity can be a real hair-raiser (pun intended!). If you’re even slightly unsure about how to install heat tape safely, please, call a qualified electrician. Seriously. It’s better to be safe than sorry (and possibly electrocuted). Improper wiring or connections can lead to shocks, fires, or just a plain old malfunctioning heat tape. Don’t risk it! A professional can ensure everything is hooked up correctly and that your system is running smoothly and, more importantly, safely.

UL Listing/Certification: Your Seal of Approval

Think of UL listing as a gold star for safety. It means that the heat tape has been tested by Underwriters Laboratories (UL), a trusted safety organization, and meets their strict safety standards. Why is this important? Because a UL-listed heat tape has been rigorously evaluated to ensure it won’t overheat, cause electrical hazards, or generally turn into a hot mess. Always, always look for the UL mark before you buy. It’s your assurance that you’re getting a product that’s been vetted for safety.

National Electrical Code (NEC): The Rulebook for Electricity

The National Electrical Code (NEC) is basically the bible for electrical installations in the United States. It sets the standards for safe electrical practices, including everything from wiring to grounding to overcurrent protection. While the entire NEC is extensive, certain sections pertain specifically to heat tape installation. While we won’t dive into the specifics here, it’s good to know that these guidelines exist to keep you safe and ensure your heat tape is installed correctly. If you’re doing the install yourself, it’s worth familiarizing yourself with the relevant NEC sections, or better yet, consult with a qualified electrician who knows them inside and out.

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI): Your Shock Protector

A GFCI, or Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter, is a life-saving device that protects you from electrical shock. It works by monitoring the flow of electricity and quickly cutting off the power if it detects a ground fault (i.e., electricity leaking where it shouldn’t). In simpler terms, it prevents you from becoming part of the circuit. For heat tape applications, it’s highly recommended to use a GFCI outlet or breaker. This provides an extra layer of protection against electrical shock, especially in damp or outdoor environments. Think of it as your electrical safety net!

Overheating Protection: Keeping Things Cool When They’re Hot

One of the biggest concerns with heat tape is overheating, which can lead to fires. Thankfully, many modern heat tapes come with built-in safety mechanisms to prevent this. Self-regulating heat tape, for example, automatically adjusts its heat output based on the surrounding temperature. This means it won’t overheat, even if it’s wrapped around itself. Other heat tapes may have thermostats or high-limit switches that cut off the power if the temperature gets too high. These features are crucial for preventing overheating and ensuring your heat tape operates safely and reliably. Always check what kind of overheating protection your heat tape offers!

Troubleshooting Heat Tape: When Things Go Wrong (and How to Fix Them!)

Okay, so you’ve got your heat tape installed, ready to battle the winter blues. But what happens when things don’t go as planned? Don’t panic! Like any good superhero, you can troubleshoot your way out of trouble. Let’s look at some common heat tape hiccups and how to give them the ol’ one-two punch.

Oh No, It’s Too Hot! (Overheating Issues)

Is your heat tape feeling a little too enthusiastic? Overheating can be a sign of trouble, and it’s something you definitely want to address.

Possible Culprits: Improper installation, like overlapping the tape (unless the manufacturer specifically says it’s okay!), or insufficient insulation. Sometimes, the tape is just too close to something heat-sensitive.
The Fix: First, make sure the tape isn’t overlapping. If it’s allowed to overlap, ensure you’re following the manufacturer’s guidelines. Also, add more insulation around the pipe to help distribute the heat more evenly. Check your thermostat; if it’s adjustable, turn it down a notch. If all else fails, the tape might be faulty and need replacing.

ZAP! (Electrical Shock Hazards)

Alright, this is a serious one. Electrical shocks are no joke, and safety is paramount. If you suspect a shock hazard, immediately turn off the power at the breaker!

Possible Culprits: Damaged heat tape, improper grounding, or moisture getting where it shouldn’t.
The Fix: Make sure the heat tape is properly grounded. If you are not comfortable with this get a qualified electrician. Use a GFCI outlet or breaker for the circuit. Carefully inspect the tape for any signs of damage. If you find any, replace the tape. Again, if you’re at all unsure, call a professional! Your safety is the top priority.

My Heat Tape is a Dud (Tape Failure)

Sometimes, despite your best efforts, the heat tape just gives up the ghost.

Possible Culprits: Old age, physical damage, or internal component failure.
The Fix: Use a multimeter to check for continuity. If there’s no continuity, the tape is likely dead. Visually inspect the tape for any obvious damage, like cuts or burns. Unfortunately, if the tape is truly kaput, replacement is usually the only option.

Feeling Chilly (Insufficient Heat Output)

Is your heat tape acting more like a gentle hug than a warm embrace? If your pipes are still feeling frosty, there might be an issue with heat output.

Possible Culprits: Incorrect wattage for your climate, inadequate insulation, or the tape simply not being long enough for the pipe run.
The Fix: Double-check that you’re using the correct wattage for your pipe size, material, and local climate. Add more insulation to help retain heat. If the tape is too short, you might need to replace it with a longer one or add a second tape run.

Accessories: Because Heat Tape Can’t Do It All Alone!

So, you’re all set to install your heat tape, ready to conquer the cold and save your pipes from a frosty fate? Awesome! But before you dive in headfirst, let’s talk about the unsung heroes of the heat tape world: accessories. Think of them as the sidekicks that help heat tape truly shine. They aren’t mandatory, but they are very valuable. Let’s break them down!

Mounting Tape/Clips: Hold That Heat!

Imagine trying to stick a piece of tape to a wet surface – frustrating, right? Similarly, heat tape needs a firm connection to the pipe to transfer heat efficiently. That’s where mounting tape or clips come in. These little helpers ensure the heat tape stays snug against the pipe, maximizing heat transfer and preventing energy waste.

Choosing the right mounting material is crucial. For metal pipes, you’ll want something that can handle the heat. For plastic pipes, avoid anything too abrasive that could cause damage. Think of it as a Goldilocks situation – not too loose, not too tight, but just right!

Electrical Tape: Seal the Deal!

Water and electricity? Not the best combination. Electrical tape is your trusty shield against moisture, preventing short circuits and keeping your connections safe and sound.

Pro Tip: Don’t skimp on quality here. Invest in high-quality electrical tape that’s UL-listed and designed for electrical applications. A few extra bucks can save you a whole lot of trouble down the road. Wrap those connections tight and keep the moisture out!

Thermostats: Take Control of the Temperature!

Want to take your heat tape game to the next level? Enter the thermostat! This nifty device acts like a brain for your heat tape system, turning it on and off based on the temperature. Why is this important? Because you don’t need your heat tape blasting away when it’s only mildly chilly. A thermostat prevents that!

Here’s a quick rundown of the different types:

Manual Thermostats: Simple and straightforward. You set the desired temperature, and the thermostat does the rest.
Digital Thermostats: Offer more precise temperature control and often come with displays for easy monitoring.
Programmable Thermostats: The superheroes of energy efficiency! These allow you to set schedules for different times of day, so you’re only using heat tape when you need it.

Operational Properties: Cranking Up the Heat (or Dialing It Down!)

Okay, so you’ve got your heat tape, you know where to stick it, and you’re ready to roll. But hold on a sec! Let’s talk about the brains behind the brawn – the temperature settings. Think of these as the thermostat for your peace of mind. Understanding how they work can save you energy (and a few bucks!) while keeping everything nice and toasty.

Activation Temperature: When Things Get Warmed Up

First, let’s tackle activation temperature. This is the magic number! It’s the point where your heat tape kicks into action. Imagine it’s like a superhero with a trigger – when the temperature dips to a certain level, BAM! Heat tape to the rescue!

What It Is: It’s the temperature threshold. When the surrounding temperature drops to or below this level, the heat tape starts pumping out the heat.
Energy Usage: Think of it this way: lower activation temperature = superhero ready to go at a moment’s notice = higher energy usage. Because even a small drop of temperature, the heat tape would activate. If you set it too low, it will operate more often. Set it too high, and your pipes get in danger from freezing.
Freeze Protection: Of course, the most important thing is making sure that your pipes don’t freeze. A little experimentation, or research into the climate is needed to make sure this number is set right. This ensures your water pipes won’t burst in the cold and cause flooding.

Deactivation Temperature: Chill Out Time!

Now, let’s talk about when to give your heat tape a break! That’s where the deactivation temperature comes in. It’s the point where your heat tape says, “Alright, I’ve done my job, time to relax.”

What It Is: The deactivation temperature is where the heat tape shuts down or reduces its heating. When the temperature rises above this threshold, it gives the heater a rest.
Energy Efficiency: This is where you can become an energy-saving champion. By setting the deactivation temperature right, you prevent the tape from running when it’s not needed.
Adjusting for Optimal Savings: The right way to optimize is to set it higher than the activation. You’re not trying to heat the pipes, you are trying to prevent them from freezing. If you have your activation at just above freezing point, you should set the deactivation to a few degrees above the activation. Remember, we don’t want unnecessary heat, unless you’re trying to start a pipe sauna.

So, there you have it! Frostex heat tape: a simple solution to a potentially huge headache. Don’t let winter catch you off guard – a little prevention can save you a whole lot of trouble (and money!) down the road. Stay warm out there!