Cinder Block Wall Covering Ideas & Solutions

Cinder block wall coverings provide an opportunity to enhance both aesthetics and functionality of a structure. Parged coating is one of the simple and affordable solutions applicable to cinder block wall to provide a smooth, uniform surface that prepares the wall for paint or other treatments. Furring strips is also an option that involves attaching wood or metal frames to the cinder block which then serves as an anchor for drywall or other paneling materials. Brick veneer is another popular option that offers the aesthetic of traditional brick without the structural requirements, attached using mortar and brick ties for stability. Exterior insulation such as foam boards can be applied to the cinder block walls to improve thermal performance.

Hey there, DIY enthusiasts! Ever stared at a dull, gray cinder block wall and thought, “There has to be more to life than this”? Well, you’re in the right place! This guide is your ultimate roadmap to turning that utilitarian eyesore into a stunning feature that adds value, comfort, and a whole lot of personality to your space.

We’re diving deep into the world of CMU (that’s cinder block, for those not in the know) walls, tackling everything from prepping the surface to choosing the perfect finish. Think of this as your friendly, no-nonsense companion on a mission to transform the mundane into the magnificent.

Contents

What’s a Cinder Block Wall Anyway?

Okay, let’s get the basics out of the way. Cinder block walls, also known as Concrete Masonry Unit walls, are those sturdy, gray building blocks you often see in basements, garages, and commercial buildings. They’re cheap, strong, and easy to assemble…but let’s face it, they aren’t winning any beauty contests. They’re the unsung heroes of construction, providing solid structure but screaming for a makeover.

Why Bother Finishing a CMU Wall?

Glad you asked! Finishing a CMU wall isn’t just about making it look pretty (although that’s a huge bonus). It’s about:

Boosting Your Curb (or Basement) Appeal: Say goodbye to that drab, industrial vibe and hello to a polished, professional look.
Shielding Your Investment: A finished wall protects the cinder blocks from moisture, wear, and tear, extending their lifespan and saving you money in the long run.
Turning up the thermostat: Concrete isn’t exactly known for its heat-retaining properties. Increase your home’s heating and cooling performance by finishing these walls.

Don’t Jump in Without Looking!

Before you grab your tools and start slathering on the mortar, remember this: Proper preparation is key. We’re talking about taking the time to assess the wall, fix any issues, and choose the right materials. Skip this step, and you might as well be building your dream house on a foundation of sand.

What’s on the Menu?

This guide is a comprehensive feast of information, covering everything you need to know:

Materials and Tools: We’ll break down the essentials, from mortar mixes to must-have trowels.
Techniques: Learn the ins and outs of plastering, stuccoing, veneering, and more.
Design Ideas: Get inspired with a range of covering options, from classic paint to trendy tile.
Regulations and Codes: Stay on the right side of the law by understanding local building codes and fire safety standards.
Troubleshooting: We’ll help you tackle common issues and keep your finished wall looking its best for years to come.

Phase 1: Assessment and Preparation – Laying a Solid Foundation

Alright, before we even think about slapping some stucco or hanging drywall, we gotta get up close and personal with our cinder block buddy. Think of it like a doctor’s check-up – we need to know what we’re working with before we can prescribe a treatment plan! This phase is all about understanding the current state of your CMU wall and setting the stage for a successful transformation. Skipping this step is like building a house on sand – it might look good at first, but it won’t last!

The Grand Wall Inspection

Grab your Sherlock Holmes hat (or just a pair of safety glasses!) and start your investigation. Begin with a thorough visual inspection. We’re looking for anything out of the ordinary: cracks, chips, weird stains, flaking paint – the whole shebang. Run your hand along the surface, feel for bumps or dips. Is it plumb? Is it level? Use a level and a straight edge to be sure. Jot down everything you see, take some pictures (before and after!), because you’ll want to remember it as you proceed.

Taming the Troubles: Crack Commandos, Leveling Legends, and Moisture Mavericks!

Now that you’ve documented the wall’s quirks, let’s tackle those potential problems head-on!

Cracking Under Pressure: Cracks are like the wrinkles of a CMU wall – they tell a story. Hairline cracks are usually cosmetic, and can be fixed with a simple masonry crack filler. But if you see cracks wider than a hair, or cracks that are zigzagging, it might be a structural issue, in this case call a structural engineer . For those bigger guys, you might need to bring in the big guns: epoxy or mortar.
Uneven Surfaces – Smooth Operators: CMU walls aren’t always perfectly smooth, and that’s okay! But if you want a flawless finish, you’ll need to level things out. A parge coat of mortar is your go-to for filling in minor imperfections. For larger dips, consider using shims and furring strips to create a level framework.
Efflorescence – The White Menace: Notice a white, powdery substance on the wall? That’s efflorescence – mineral salts being drawn to the surface by moisture. Don’t panic! Grab a wire brush and some efflorescence cleaner, scrub it away, and then seal it with a breathable sealer to prevent it from returning.
Moisture Intrusion – Stop the Leak!: Moisture is the enemy of any wall, especially CMU walls. Track the source of the water. Is it coming from a leaky roof? Poor drainage? Address the root cause first! Then, apply a waterproof coating to the wall to keep moisture out.

Operation: Clean Sweep!

Before anything else, your wall must be clean! Get rid of any loose materials, dust, and old paint. A pressure washer can be great for this, but a good old scrub brush and some detergent will work too. Rinse thoroughly and let the wall dry completely before moving on to the next phase. This ensures that whatever finish you apply will adhere properly.

Phase 2: Gathering Your Arsenal – Essential Materials and Tools

Alright, so you’ve got your wall prepped and ready to go. Now comes the fun part – gearing up! Think of this as your shopping spree before the big battle… against that ugly cinder block wall! Having the right materials and tools not only ensures a professional finish, but also saves you a ton of headache (and maybe a few trips to the hardware store). Let’s dive in!

Core Materials: The Building Blocks of Success

Cinder Blocks (CMUs):

Okay, first things first: If you found any CMUs that are beyond repair during your assessment (think major cracks or crumbling), you’ll need to replace them. When selecting new ones, make sure they match the size and type of the existing blocks. CMUs come in different sizes (usually based on nominal dimensions) and can be solid or hollow. The most common one is lightweight blocks so you could work with it easier! A little tip? Take a sample of the original block to the store with you. You’ll also need to bring the blueprint with you. Trust me, it will save you the headache later.
Adhesives: The Glue That Binds
- Mortar: This is your go-to for bonding CMUs and applying brick or stone veneer. You’ve got a couple of main choices here:
  - Type N Mortar: For general use, above-grade applications.
  - Type S Mortar: Stronger stuff, ideal for below-grade or load-bearing situations.
  When mixing mortar, follow the manufacturer’s instructions religiously. The right water-to-mortar ratio is crucial for a strong, lasting bond.
- Construction Adhesive: This is like super glue for construction. It’s handy for attaching certain coverings or securing furring strips, but it’s not a substitute for mortar in structural applications.
Fasteners: Holding It All Together
- Screws: For masonry, you’ll want screws specifically designed for concrete or block. These often have self-tapping threads and require a pilot hole.
- Nails: Masonry nails are hardened steel and designed to be hammered directly into concrete or block. Use them sparingly and for light-duty applications.
- Anchors: When hanging heavy items (like shelves or cabinets) on your finished wall, use masonry anchors. There are several types, including sleeve anchors, wedge anchors, and concrete screws, each with different load-bearing capacities.
Concrete Sealers: The last line of defence! Concrete sealers help protect your CMU wall from moisture, stains, and damage.
- Penetrating Sealers: Soak into the concrete and create a water-repellent barrier without changing the appearance of the surface.
- Film-Forming Sealers: Create a protective layer on top of the concrete. These can add a glossy or matte finish, but they may also be more prone to scratching or peeling.
Consider the pros and cons and the climate in your area before making a decision.

Tools for the Job: Getting Down to Business

Trowels: These are your best friend when working with mortar.
- Pointing Trowel: For detail work and filling joints.
- Brick Trowel: For applying mortar to bricks or CMUs.
- Margin Trowel: For scooping and spreading mortar.
Levels: Staying straight is important, folks! Use a spirit level (the kind with the bubble) for general leveling and plumbing. A laser level can be helpful for longer runs or more complex projects.
Measuring Tape: Measure twice, cut once! Accurate measurements are essential for ensuring your materials fit properly.
Saws:
- Masonry Saw: A must-have for cutting CMUs or bricks. Use a diamond blade for clean, precise cuts.
- Angle Grinder: Handy for smaller cuts or shaping materials. Again, use a masonry blade.
Drills & Drivers:
- Hammer Drill: Essential for drilling holes in concrete or block. Use masonry drill bits.
- Impact Driver: For quickly driving screws and anchors.
Safety Gear: Don’t Be a Dummy!
- Safety Glasses: Protect those peepers from flying debris!
- Gloves: Keep your hands clean and protected from rough surfaces and caustic materials.
- Dust Mask or Respirator: Protect your lungs from dust and airborne particles.
- Hearing Protection: Cutting masonry can be loud. Protect your ears!

With your materials and tools in hand, you’re well on your way to transforming that cinder block wall into something beautiful!

Phase 3: Choosing Your Look – Covering Options and Application Techniques

Alright, you’ve got your wall prepped and your tools lined up – now for the fun part! This is where you get to decide what kind of personality your CMU wall is going to have. Think of it like giving your wall a makeover. Are you going for sleek and modern, rustic and charming, or something totally unique? There are a ton of options, so let’s dive in and see what tickles your fancy. Remember to weigh aesthetics, durability, and, of course, your budget, before making the final call. After all, this is going to be the face of your wall for years to come!

Direct Application: When You Want to Keep It Simple

Sometimes, the best approach is the most straightforward. Direct application methods involve applying a finish directly to the CMU wall without any intermediate layers. It’s like putting makeup directly on a (well-prepped) face!

Plaster: The Smooth Operator

Plastering is an age-old technique that can give your CMU wall a beautifully smooth and seamless finish. It’s like giving your wall a fresh, clean canvas.

Applying a scratch coat, brown coat, and finish coat: This is the holy trinity of plastering. The scratch coat is your base, providing a rough surface for the next coat to grab onto. The brown coat levels everything out, and the finish coat is your smooth, beautiful surface.
Achieving different textures with plaster: Don’t think plaster is just for smooth walls! You can create all sorts of textures, from subtle swirls to bold patterns. It’s all about the technique and the tools you use.

Stucco: Texture and Toughness

Stucco is a great option if you want a textured finish that’s also incredibly durable. It’s like giving your wall a suit of armor that looks good too.

Mixing stucco properly: The key to good stucco is in the mix. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully, and don’t be afraid to experiment with different ratios to get the consistency you want.
Applying multiple coats of stucco: Just like plaster, stucco typically requires multiple coats for the best results. This helps to build up the texture and ensure a strong, long-lasting finish.
Creating different stucco textures: From the classic Spanish stucco to more modern, smooth finishes, the possibilities are endless. Experiment with different trowels and techniques to create the look you want.

Creating an Air Gap: Insulation and Leveling Up

Creating an air gap between the CMU wall and your finish can improve insulation and create a perfectly level surface. Think of it like adding a comfy sweater to your wall!

Furring Strips: The Leveling Masters

Furring strips are thin strips of wood or metal that are attached to the CMU wall to create a level surface. They also provide a space for insulation. It’s like building a tiny fortress of flatness!

Attaching furring strips to the CMU wall: Use masonry screws or construction adhesive to attach the furring strips securely to the wall. Make sure they’re level!
Spacing furring strips properly: The spacing of your furring strips will depend on the type of finish you’re using. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for the best results.

Drywall: The Seamless Solution

Drywall is a popular choice for creating a smooth, paintable surface. It’s like giving your wall a blank canvas that’s ready for anything.

Installing drywall over furring strips: Attach the drywall to the furring strips using drywall screws. Be sure to countersink the screws so they don’t interfere with the taping and mudding.
Taping and mudding drywall seams: This is where the magic happens! Use drywall tape and joint compound to create smooth, seamless transitions between the drywall sheets.
Sanding drywall smooth: Once the mud is dry, sand it smooth with fine-grit sandpaper. Be careful not to sand too much, or you’ll expose the tape.

Veneer Options: For That Added Touch of Elegance

Veneer options allow you to add the look of brick or stone without the weight and expense of using solid materials. It’s like giving your wall a fancy costume!

Brick Veneer: Classic and Timeless

Brick veneer is a great way to add the warmth and character of brick to your CMU wall. It’s like giving your wall a touch of old-world charm.

Preparing the CMU wall for brick veneer: The wall needs to be clean, level, and slightly rough to ensure good adhesion.
Mixing mortar for brick veneer: Use a mortar mix specifically designed for brick veneer. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.
Laying brick veneer in different patterns: From the classic running bond to more intricate patterns, the possibilities are endless. Get creative!

Stone Veneer: Natural Beauty

Stone veneer can give your CMU wall a natural, rustic look. It’s like bringing the outdoors in.

Selecting the right stone veneer: There are tons of different types of stone veneer to choose from, so pick one that complements your style.
Installing stone veneer with mortar: Use a mortar mix specifically designed for stone veneer. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully, and be sure to leave enough space between the stones for grout.

Final Finish: The Crowning Glory

The final finish is the last step in your CMU wall makeover. This is where you add the color and texture that will really make your wall shine.

Paint: Color Your World

Painting is the easiest and most affordable way to transform your CMU wall. It’s like giving your wall a new outfit.

Choosing a paint suitable for masonry: Use a paint specifically designed for masonry surfaces. These paints are formulated to withstand the harsh conditions that CMU walls can be exposed to.
Priming the surface before painting: Priming is essential for ensuring good adhesion and a uniform finish.
Applying paint with a brush, roller, or sprayer: Choose the application method that works best for you and your wall.

Tile: Durable and Stylish

Tile is a great option for areas that are exposed to moisture, such as bathrooms and kitchens. It’s like giving your wall a waterproof shield.

Selecting the right tile for the application: Choose a tile that’s suitable for the environment. For example, use a non-slip tile in bathrooms and kitchens.
Applying thin-set mortar for tile installation: Use a thin-set mortar specifically designed for tile installation. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.
Grouting tile: Grouting fills the spaces between the tiles and helps to prevent moisture from penetrating. Choose a grout color that complements your tile.

Phase 4: Protecting Your Investment – Moisture and Insulation

Alright, you’ve put in the hard yards, and your CMU wall is starting to look like a million bucks! But hold your horses; we’re not quite at the finish line yet. This phase is all about safeguarding your investment. Think of it as giving your wall a super-suit against the elements and making it cozy as a bear’s den. We’re talking about moisture protection and insulation – the dynamic duo that ensures your wall stands the test of time (and weather!).

Waterproofing: Building a Fortress Against Water

Listen up, folks! Water is sneaky. It can seep in through the tiniest cracks and cause all sorts of havoc – from unsightly mold to structural damage. So, let’s build a fortress against this persistent foe!

Applying a Waterproof Coating to the Exterior of the Wall: Think of this as a raincoat for your wall. Choose a high-quality waterproof coating designed for masonry surfaces. Slap it on according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This creates a barrier that prevents water from penetrating the CMUs.
Installing a Vapor Barrier on the Interior of the Wall: A vapor barrier is like a shield that prevents moisture from inside your home from getting into the wall cavity. Install it on the warm side of the wall (usually the interior). Overlap the seams and seal them with tape to create a continuous barrier.
Ensuring Proper Drainage Around the Wall: Make sure water flows away from your foundation. Check your gutters and downspouts to ensure they’re working correctly. If you have a sloped yard, make sure the slope directs water away from the wall. You might even consider installing a French drain to channel water away from the foundation.

Sealing: The Secret Weapon for CMU Protection

Sealing your CMU wall is like giving it a spa day – it protects it from the elements, prevents staining, and makes it easier to clean.

Choosing the Right Sealer for the Application: Not all sealers are created equal. Some are designed for interior use, while others are better suited for exterior applications. Some sealers are penetrating, while others are film-forming. Penetrating sealers soak into the CMUs and provide protection from within, while film-forming sealers create a protective layer on the surface.
Applying the Sealer According to the Manufacturer’s Instructions: This is crucial! Follow the instructions to the letter to ensure proper application and optimal protection. Typically, you’ll need to clean the wall thoroughly before applying the sealer.
Re-Sealing the Wall Periodically: Sealers don’t last forever. Re-seal your wall every few years to maintain its waterproof protection. The frequency of re-sealing will depend on the type of sealer you use and the severity of the weather conditions in your area.

Insulation: Turning Your Wall into a Cozy Retreat

Insulating your CMU wall will keep your home warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. It’ll also reduce your energy bills – a win-win!

Adding Insulation Between Furring Strips (If Using): If you’re using furring strips, this is a great opportunity to add insulation. Fiberglass batts, mineral wool, or rigid foam boards can be installed between the furring strips.
Using Spray Foam Insulation: Spray foam insulation is another excellent option. It expands to fill all the cracks and crevices, creating a tight seal and providing excellent insulation. However, it’s more expensive than other types of insulation and requires professional installation.

With these steps, you’re well on your way to having a well-protected, beautiful CMU wall that will stand the test of time!

Phase 5: The Blueprint – Design Considerations and Code Compliance

Alright, future CMU maestros, let’s talk about the not-so-glamorous but oh-so-crucial part of this journey: making sure your awesome wall doesn’t just look good, but also plays by the rules! Think of this as the grown-up stuff – the kind that keeps the inspectors happy and your conscience clear. Let’s dive into the world of design considerations and code compliance!

Compliance with Local Building Codes: Playing it Safe

First things first: know your local building codes! I know, it sounds about as fun as watching paint dry, but trust me, it’s way better than having to tear down your hard work because it doesn’t meet regulations.

Do your homework: Research what’s required in your area. A quick Google search with terms like “building codes [your city/county] CMU walls” should get you started. Or better yet, give your local building department a call.
Permit Power: Don’t skip the permit process! Seriously. It’s there for a reason and can save you a massive headache down the road. Think of it as getting a hall pass from the authority that matters most.
Inspection time: Once you’re done, get that wall inspected. It’s like showing off your masterpiece to the judge, hopefully getting a thumbs-up.

Meeting Fire Resistance Ratings: Playing with Fire Safely!

Now, let’s talk about fire. Not in the fun, cozy fireplace way, but in the “oh no, there’s a fire!” way. Your CMU wall might need to meet specific fire resistance ratings, depending on its location and use.

Know your rating: Understand what fire resistance rating (if any) is required for your wall. This is usually expressed in hours (e.g., a 1-hour fire-rated wall).
Material matters: Choose materials that meet those requirements. Your local building supply store or contractor can help you select the right stuff.
Build it right: Ensure the wall is constructed correctly to achieve the desired fire resistance. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to the letter.

Adhering to Moisture Control: Keeping Dry!

Lastly, moisture. It’s the silent enemy of every construction project. You’ve got to keep that water out!

Drainage design: Design your wall to allow water to drain away effectively. Slopes and proper flashing are your friends.
Moisture-resistant materials: Use materials that won’t rot or degrade when exposed to moisture. This is especially important in damp climates.
Ventilate: If you’re creating a wall cavity (like with furring strips), consider adding ventilation to allow any trapped moisture to escape. It’s all about preventing dampness from settling in and causing issues.

Phase 6: Long-Term Care – Troubleshooting and Maintenance

Okay, you’ve put in the hard work, transforming that once-dreary cinder block wall into something amazing. But just like a car needs regular check-ups, your CMU wall needs some TLC to keep it looking great for years to come. Think of this section as your owner’s manual, guiding you through troubleshooting and maintenance to protect your investment.

Preventing and Addressing Adhesion Issues: Keeping Things Glued Together

One of the worst feelings is seeing your carefully applied finish start to peel or bubble. Yikes! So, let’s talk about keeping everything stuck where it should be.

Preparation is Key: Remember all that prep work you did? It wasn’t just for fun! A clean, properly prepared surface is crucial for good adhesion. Make sure to remove any loose debris, dirt, or old coatings before applying any new finishes.
Right Glue for the Job: Not all adhesives are created equal. Using the correct adhesive for the specific covering you’ve chosen is essential. Read the labels carefully and don’t skimp on quality.
Constant Vigilance: Keep an eye on your wall for any signs of adhesion failure. This could include bubbling, peeling, or cracking at the edges of your covering. Early detection is key!
Repairing Promptly: If you spot any issues, address them right away. Don’t wait for them to get worse. Remove the loose or damaged material and reapply the finish according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Regular Cleaning: Keeping it Fresh

Just like any surface in your home, your CMU wall will accumulate dirt and grime over time. Regular cleaning will keep it looking its best.

Soap and Water: For most surfaces, a simple solution of soap and water will do the trick. Use a soft cloth or sponge to gently wash the wall, then rinse with clean water.
Stain Removal: For stubborn stains, you may need a specialized cleaner. Always test the cleaner in an inconspicuous area first to make sure it doesn’t damage the finish.
Mildew Removal: Mildew can be a problem in damp areas. Clean with a solution of bleach and water, always wearing gloves and eye protection. Rinse thoroughly.

Inspecting and Repairing Cracks: Sealing the Deal

Cracks can be more than just unsightly; they can allow moisture to penetrate the wall, leading to more serious problems.

Crack Watch: Regularly inspect your wall for new cracks. Pay close attention to areas around windows, doors, and corners.
Act Fast: Repair cracks as soon as you notice them to prevent moisture intrusion. Use a masonry crack filler for small cracks and mortar or epoxy for larger cracks.

Re-Sealing: Keeping Water Out

If you’ve applied a sealer to your CMU wall, it’s important to re-seal it periodically to maintain its waterproof protection.

Choosing the Right Sealer: Select a sealer that’s compatible with the existing finish on your wall.
Follow Instructions: Apply the sealer according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This usually involves cleaning the wall thoroughly and applying one or two coats of sealer.
Regular Reapplication: The frequency of re-sealing will depend on the type of sealer and the exposure of the wall to the elements. Check the manufacturer’s recommendations.

So, there you have it! Cinder block walls don’t have to be an eyesore. With a little creativity and effort, you can transform them into a stylish feature of your home. Now, go ahead and get started – you might just surprise yourself with the results!